20- Calculating distance between two points
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from qgis.core import QgsDistanceArea
d = QgsDistanceArea()
d.setEllipsoid('WGS84')
Erbil = QgsPointXY(44.01, 36.19)
Duhok = QgsPointXY(42.99, 36.86)
distance = d.measureLine([Erbil, Duhok])
print(distance/1000)